// index.ts(6,5): error TS2322: Type '{ name: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Person'. // Property 'age' is missing in type '{ name: string; }'.
多一些属性也是不允许的:
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interface Person { name: string; age: number; }
let tom: Person = { name: 'Tom', age: 25, gender: 'male' };
// index.ts(9,5): error TS2322: Type '{ name: string; age: number; gender: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Person'. // Object literal may only specify known properties, and 'gender' does not exist in type 'Person'.
可见,赋值的时候,变量的形状必须和接口的形状保持一致。
可选属性
有时我们希望不要完全匹配一个形状,那么可以用可选属性:
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interface Person { name: string; age?: number; }
let tom: Person = { name: 'Tom' }; `````` interface Person { name: string; age?: number; }
let tom: Person = { name: 'Tom', age: 25 };
可选属性的含义是该属性可以不存在。
这时仍然不允许添加未定义的属性:
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interface Person { name: string; age?: number; }
let tom: Person = { name: 'Tom', age: 25, gender: 'male' };
// examples/playground/index.ts(9,5): error TS2322: Type '{ name: string; age: number; gender: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Person'. // Object literal may only specify known properties, and 'gender' does not exist in type 'Person'.
let tom: Person = { name: 'Tom', age: 25, gender: 'male' };
// index.ts(3,5): error TS2411: Property 'age' of type 'number' is not assignable to string index type 'string'. // index.ts(7,5): error TS2322: Type '{ [x: string]: string | number; name: string; age: number; gender: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Person'. // Index signatures are incompatible. // Type 'string | number' is not assignable to type 'string'. // Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.
上例中,任意属性的值允许是 string,但是可选属性 age 的值却是 number,number 不是 string 的子属性,所以报错了。
let tom: Person = { name: 'Tom', gender: 'male' };
tom.id = 89757;
// index.ts(8,5): error TS2322: Type '{ name: string; gender: string; }' is not assignable to type 'Person'. // Property 'id' is missing in type '{ name: string; gender: string; }'. // index.ts(13,5): error TS2540: Cannot assign to 'id' because it is a constant or a read-only property.